J1. S. Kruk, F. Ferreira, N. Mac-Suibhne, I. Kravchenko, A. Ellis, D. Neshev, C. Tsekrekos, S. Turitsyn, and Y. Kivshar, “Dielectric metasurfaces for fast mode modulation and space-division multiplexing,” to be submitted to OSA Optica.
J2. F. Ferreira, C. Costa, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Semi-Analytical Modelling of Linear Mode Coupling in Few-Mode Fibers,” OSA/IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, pre-print version, 2017.
J3. O. Sidelnikov, S. Sygletos, F. Ferreira, M. Fedoruk, “Numerical modelling of multimode fibre-optic communication lines,” Quantum Electronics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 76-80, 2016.
J4. M. McCarthy, M. Al Kahteeb, F. Ferreira and A. D. Ellis, “PMD Tolerant Nonlinear Compensation using In-line Phase Conjugation,” OSA Optics Express vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 3385-3392, 2016.
J5. A. Lobato, J. Rabe, F. Ferreira, M. Kuschnerov, B. Spinnler, and B. Lankl, “Near-ML detection for MDL-impaired few-mode fiber transmission,” OSA Optics Express, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 9589-9601, April 2015.
J6. F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, and H. da Silva, “Design of few-mode fibers with m-modes and low differential mode delay,” OSA/IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 353–360, February 2014.
J7. F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, A. Lobato, B. Inan, and H. Silva, “Reach improvement of mode division multiplexed systems using fiber splices,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1091–1094, June 2013.
J8. F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, and H. Silva, “Design of few-mode fibers with arbitrary and flattened differential mode delay,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 438–441, March 2013.
J9. A. Lobato, F. Ferreira, B. Inan, S. Adhikari, M. Kuschnerov, A. Napoli, B. Spinnler, and B. Lankl, “Maximum-likelihood detection in few-mode fiber transmission with mode-dependent loss,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1095–1098, June 2013.
J10. F. Ferreira, S. Jansen, P. Monteiro, and H. Silva, “Nonlinear semi-analytical model for simulation of few-mode fiber transmission,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 240–242, February 2012
J11. A. Lobato, F. Ferreira, M. Kuschnerov, D. van den Borne, S. L. Jansen, A. Napoli, B. Spinnler, and B. Lankl, “Impact of mode coupling on the mode-dependent loss tolerance in few-mode fiber transmission,” OSA Optics Express, vol. 20, no. 28, pp. 29776–29783, December 2012.
J12. B. Inan, B. Spinnler, F. Ferreira, D. van den Borne, A. Lobato, S. Adhikari, V. A. J. M. Sleiffer, M. Kuschnerov, N. Hanik, and S. L. Jansen, “DSP complexity of mode-division multiplexed receivers,” OSA Optics Express, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 10859–10869, May 2012.
J13. D. Wake, A. Nkansah, N. Gomes, G. de Valicourt, R. Brenot, M. Violas, Z. Liu, F. Ferreira, and S. Pato, “A comparison of radio over fiber link types for the support of wideband radio channels,” OSA/IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 28, no. 16, pp. 2416–2422, August 2010.
C1. F. Ferreira, C. Costa, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Nonlinear Compensation Using Digital Back-Propagation in Few-Mode Fibre Spans with Intermediate Coupling,” in Proc. ECOC, p. W.1.D.3, September 2017.
C2. C. Costa, F. Ferreira, J. Wei, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Training-Aided Channel Estimation and Equalization in SDM Systems with MISO Pre-convergence under Strong Coupling,” in Proc. ECOC, September 2017.
C3. V. Gordienko, M. Stephens, F. Ferreira, and N. Doran, “Gain Spectrum Shaping Technique for One-Pump Fibre Optical Parametric Amplifier,” in Proc. ECOC, September 2017.
C4. F. Ferreira, C. Sanchez, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Modelling of Linear and Nonlinear Impairments in Few-Mode Fibres,” in Proc. International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, São Paulo, Brazil, August 2017. (INVITED)
C5. L. Santos, F. Ferreira, and D. Mello, “Sub-Band-Based Transmission for Mode-Multiplexed Optical Systems,” in Proc. ICTON, p. Mo.D1.5, July 2017 (INVITED)
C6. F. Ferreira, C. Costa, N. MacSuibhne, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Nonlinear Transmission Performance in Delay Managed Few-Mode Fiber Links with Intermediate Coupling,” in Proc. OFC, p. Th2A.53, March 2017.
C7. T. Zhang, M. Mccarthy, S. Sygletos, F. Ferreira, and A. D Ellis, “Single sideband FBMC system for 2-km SMF transmission,” in Proc. Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, p. AS1B. 2, November 2016.
C8. F. Ferreira, C. Costa, N. MacSuibhne, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Nonlinear distortion in mode delay compensated few-mode fibre spans with intermediate coupling,” in Proc. ECOC, p. Tu.2.D.2, September 2016.
C9. C. Costa, F. Ferreira, N. MacSuibhne, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Receiver memory requirement in mode delay compensated few-mode fibre spans with intermediate coupling,” in Proc. ECOC, p. Tu.1.E.4, September 2016.
C10. F. Ferreira, N. MacSuibhne, C. Sánchez, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Advantages of Strong Mode Coupling for Suppression of Nonlinear Distortion in Few-Mode Fibers,” in Proc. OFC, p. Tu2E.3, 2016.
C11. F. Ferreira, N. MacSuibhne, C. Sánchez, M. Sorokina, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “On the Group Delay Statistics of Few-Mode Fibres with Intermediate Linear Mode Coupling,” in Proc. ICTON, p. Mo.D1.1, 2016 (INVITED).
C12. N. MacSuibhne, F. Ferreira, M. McCarthy, A. Mishra, and A. Ellis, “The effect of high optical power on modern fibre at 1.5 μm,” in Proc. ICTON, p. Tu.P.24, 2016.
C13. F. Ferreira, N. MacSuibhne, C. Sánchez, M. Sorokina, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Suppression of Nonlinear Distortion in Few-Mode Fibers using Strong Mode Coupling,” in Proc. Eur. Conf. on Netw. and Opt. Communications (NOC), p. S2.3, 2016. (INVITED)
C14. F. Ferreira, N. MacSuibhne, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Few-mode fibre group-delays with intermediate coupling,” in Proc. ECOC, p. Th.1.6.1, September 2015.
C15. F. Ferreira, S. Sygletos, and A. Ellis, “Impact of Linear Mode Coupling on the Group Delay Spread in Few-Mode Fibers,” in Proc. OFC, p. Tu2D.1, March 2015.
C16. F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, and H. Silva, “Impact of Inter-Modal Cross-Phase Modulation on the Performance of Mode- and Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Systems,” Conference on Telecommunications (ConfTele), 2015 (INVITED).
C17. F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, S. Sygletos, A. Ellis, and H. Silva, “Impact of Inter-Modal Four-Wave Mixing on the Performance of Mode-and Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Systems,” in Proc. ICTON, 2015 (INVITED).
C18. M. Sorokina, S. Sygletos, F. Ferreira, A. Perentos, A. Ellis, and S. Turitsyn, “Advanced 3R regenerator scheme for high spectral efficient signal waveforms,” in Proc. ICTON, p. Mo.D1.5, 2015.
C19. S. Sygletos, S. Fabbri, F. Ferreira, M. Sorokina, A. Perentos, andA. Ellis, “All-optical add-drop multiplexer for OFDM signals,” in Proc. ICTON, p. We.A1.1, 2015.
C20. N. MacSuibhne, M. McCarthy, S. Le, S. Sygletos, F. Ferreira, and A. Ellis, “Optical fibre limits: an approach using ASE channel estimation,” in Proc. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), July 2015.
C21. F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, H. Silva, "Design of Few-Mode Fibers With Up to 12 Modes and Low Differential Mode Delay", Proc. ICTON, p. Th.B1.2, July 2014 (INVITED).
C22. A. Lobato, F. Ferreira, J. Rabe, M. Kuschnerov, B. Spinnler, B. Lankl, "Enhanced Performance for MDL-impaired Few-Mode Fiber Transmission", Proc. Optoelectronics and Communications Conf. (OECC), p. TU4B-3, July 2014.
C23. A. Lobato, F. Ferreira, J. Rabe, M. Kuschnerov, B. Spinnler, B. Lankl, “Mode scramblers and reduced-search maximum-likelihood detection for mode-dependent-loss-impaired transmission,” in Proc. ECOC, p. Th.2.C.3, September 2013.
C24. A. Lobato, F. Ferreira, J. Rabe, B. Inan, S. Adhikari, M. Kuschnerov, A. Napoli, B. Spinnler, B. Lankl, “Mode-dependent-loss mitigation for mode-division multiplexed systems,” in Proc. Signal Processing in Photonic Commun. (SPPcom), p. SPT4D.3, July 2013.
C25. F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, and H. Silva, “On the dependence of differential mode delay in few-mode fibers on the number of modes,” in Proc. ICTON, p. Tu.C2.3, June 2013.
C26. A. Lobato, F. Ferreira, J. Rabe, B. Inan, S. Adhikari, M. Kuschnerov, A. Napoli, B. Spinnler, B. Lankl, “On the mode-dependent loss compensation for mode-division multiplexed systems,” in Proc. ICTON, p. Tu.B1.5, June 2013.
C27. F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, and H. Silva, “Design of few-mode fibers with low and flattened differential modal delay,” in Proc. Conf. on Telecommunications (ConfTele), May 2013.
C28. A. Lobato, F. Ferreira, M. Kuschnerov, D. van den Borne, S. Jansen, B. Spinnler, B. Lankl, “Impact of mode coupling on the mode-dependent loss tolerance in few-mode fiber transmission,” in Proc. ECOC, p. Tu.1.C.3, September 2012.
C29. B. Inan, B. Spinnler, F. Ferreira, D. van den Borne, S. Adhikari, N. Hanik, J. Sander, “Complexity analysis for higher order few mode fiber DSP equalizers,” in Proc. ECOC, p. Th.2.D.5, September 2012.
C30. F. Ferreira, P. Monteiro, and H. Silva, “Semi-analytical model for linear modal coupling in few-mode fiber transmission,” in Proc. ICTON, p. Th.A1.5, July 2012.
C31. B. Inan, S. Jansen, B. Spinnler, F. Ferreira, D. van den Borne, M. Kuschnerov, A. Lobato, S. Adhikari, V. Sleiffer, N. Hanik, “DSP requirements for MIMO spatial multiplexed receivers,” in Proc. IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting, p. MC4.4, July 2012.
C32. B. Inan, B. Spinnler, D. van den Borne, F. Ferreira, A. Lobato, S. Adhikari, V. Sleiffer, N. Hanik, S. Jansen, “Equalizer complexity of mode-division multiplexed coherent receivers,” in Proc. ICTON, p. Th.A1.4, July 2012.
C33. F. Ferreira, D. van den Borne, H. Silva, and P. Monteiro, “Crosstalk optimization of phase masks for mode multiplexing in few mode fibers,” in Proc. OFC, p. JW2A.37, March 2012.
C34. B. Inan, B. Spinnler, F. Ferreira, A. Lobato, S. Adhikari, V. Sleiffer, D. van den Borne, N. Hanik, S. Jansen, “Equalizer complexity of mode division multiplexed coherent receivers,” in Proc. OFC, p. OW3D.4, March 2012.
C35. A. Lobato, F. Ferreira, B. Inan, M. Kuschnerov, D. van den Borne, S. Jansen, B. Spinnler, B. Lankl, “The Impact of Differential Mode Delay on Mode-Division Multiplexed Coherent Optical OFDM Transmission,” in Proc. OFC, p. OTu2C.2, March 2012.
C36. F. Ferreira, S. Jansen, P. Monteiro, and H. Silva, “Nonlinear model for simulation of two-mode fiber transmission,” in Proc. Symp. on Enabling Opt. Netw. (SEON), June 2011.
C37. F. Ferreira, S. Pato, P. Almeida, H. Silva, and P. Monteiro, “Dual band signal generation for millimeter-wave RoF Systems with subcarrier multiplexing,” in Proc. Conf. on Telecommunications (ConfTele), April 2011.
C38. F. Ferreira, S. Pato, H. Silva, and P. Monteiro, “On supporting multiple signal formats over a FUTON system,” in Proc. Europ. Conf. on Opt. Net. Design and Modeling (ONDM), February 2011.
C39. F. Ferreira, P. Almeida, C. Antunes, and H. Silva, “Reconstruction of the non-minimum phase response of chirped fiber Bragg gratings using an adaptive genetic algorithm,” in Proc. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI), July 2010.
C40. D. Wake, A. Nkansah, N. Gomes, M. Violas, Z. Liu, S. Pato, F. Ferreira, G. de Valicourt, R. Brenot, “Design and performance of radio over fibre links for next generation wireless systems using distributed antennas,” in Proc. IEEE Future Network and Mobile Summit (FNMS), June 2010.
C41. F. Ferreira, S. Pato, J. Pedro, and H. Silva, “Microwave link for transparent protection of optical access networks,” in Proc. Europ. Conf. on Net. and Opt. Commun. (NOC), June 2010.
C42. S. Pato, F. Ferreira, P. Monteiro, and H. Silva, “On supporting multiple radio channels over a SCM-based distributed antenna system: a feasibility assessment,” in Proc. ICTON, p. We.A3.5, June 2010.
C43. P. Almeida, F. Ferreira, and H. Silva, “Multiband signal generation for hybrid access networks using a single external modulator,” in Proc Symp. on Enabling Opt. Netw. (SEON), June 2010.
C44. F. Ferreira, P. Almeida, and H. Silva, “Generation of 60 GHz RoF/SCM signals using upconversion and centimeter-wave photonic devices,” in Proc Symp. on Enabling Opt. Netw. (SEON), June 2009.
• F. Ferreira, and A. Ellis, “Spatial multiplexing: modelling,” in “The Potential for Networks with Capacities Exceeding the Nonlinear-Shannon Limit,” to be published.
• F. Ferreira, D. Fonseca, and H. Silva, “Optical Fiber Transmission Systems Based on Mode-Division Multiplexing,” Scholars Press, 2014.
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Introduction
The present work reports the investigation on high capacity optical transmission systems based on mode division multiplexing (MDM) over few-mode fibers (FMFs). MDM over FMFs is as an attractive solution to overcome the impending capacity crunch of conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) systems with potential cost, space, and energy savings. A basic MDM-FMF system is composed by: FMFs, mode multiplexers (MMUXs) and demultiplexers (MDMUXs), multimode amplifiers (MMAs), and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP). The key characteristics of FMFs are their theoretically higher capacity, since each mode can support the same amount of information of a SMF, and the reduced nonlinear coefficients. However, there are some impairments arising from the multimode nature of FMFs, which have to be addressed in order to fulfill their full capacity: differential mode delay (DMD), linear mode crosstalk (XT), mode-dependent loss (MDL), and intermodal nonlinearities. The MMAs are a key component for economic and energy efficient MDM-FMF systems. In order to reduce cost and energy consumption in comparison to M parallel single-mode amplifiers, the MDM channels have to share the pumps power. One of the main difficulties experienced in the design of MMAs is the achievement of low mode dependent gain (MDG). The MMUXs/MDMUXs are responsible for an approximately unitary mapping from the input signals to the FMF modes and vice-versa, such that the transmission impairments can be reverted through MIMO-DSP.
In this thesis, the main impairments of MDM-FMF systems identified above are modeled, allowing to develop several techniques to reduce their impact. A nonlinear semi-analytical model (NSAM) for transmission over FMFs is developed. The design requirements of mode selective phase masks for MMUXs/MDMUXs are investigated regarding the mask resolution, mask phase noise and mask alignments. The design of FMFs with up to 12 non-degenerate linearly polarized (LP) modes suitable for long-haul transmission are proposed. Moreover, three methods to extend the transmission reach of MDM-FMFs by limiting the accumulation of DMD and MDL/MDG along transmission are proposed. Finally, an extensive study of the intermodal nonlinear effects in MDM-FMF systems is presented, identifying the dominant effects as well as possible techniques to reduce the corresponding induced penalty.